Skinner, B. F. (1904-1990), was an American psychologist best known for his research into the learning process and his belief in a planned society. Skinner was a leading supporter of programmed instruction, in which the principles of learning determined in the laboratory are applied to classroom teaching. He also became known as a student of behavioral psychology, the study of the observable behavior of human beings. In a popular book, Walden Two (1948), Skinner described his idea of an ideal planned society based on principles of learning. In Beyond Freedom and Dignity (1971), he called for restriction of individual freedoms that hinder the development of the ideal planned society.