Quarterman, Lloyd (1918-1982), was an African American nuclear chemist. As a member of the Manhattan Project team during World War II (1939-1945), he helped create the first atomic bomb. From 1943 to 1946, he worked in the University of Chicago's Metallurgical Laboratory, which had been established in 1942 as part of the Manhattan Project. Quarterman and the rest of the Manhattan Project team worked with the nuclear scientist Enrico Fermi to develop the world's first nuclear reactor (see Fermi, Enrico). They built the reactor beneath the stands of the university's athletic field. The Metallurgical Laboratory was later moved to a location 27 miles (43 kilometers) southwest of Chicago and renamed Argonne National Laboratory. Quarterman stayed with Argonne for about 30 years.