Porgy and Bess is a folk opera composed by George Gershwin. The work is based on the novel Porgy (1925) by DuBose Heyward and the play Porgy (1927) by Heyward and his wife, Dorothy. Heyward wrote the libretto (dialogue) for the opera. Heyward and Gershwin's brother Ira wrote the lyrics. Porgy and Bess opened in New York City in 1935. It received mixed reviews and had only a short run. But the work has since become the most popular American opera and one of the few such works by an American composer to gain international recognition.