Morgenthau, MAWR guhn thaw, Henry, Jr. (1891-1967), served as United States secretary of the treasury from 1934 to 1945 under Presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman. Morgenthau was one of Roosevelt's most trusted economic advisers, and he helped formulate important financial legislation in the 1930's. During World War II (1939-1945), he organized the Victory Bond campaign that raised more than $200 billion.