Meyerhof, Otto Fritz (1884-1951), a German-born biochemist, shared the 1922 Nobel Prize for physiology or medicine with the English physiologist Sir Archibald Hill. Meyerhof was awarded the Nobel Prize for his research into the consumption of oxygen by muscles, and the relationship of oxygen use to the conversion of lactic acid (a chemical produced in the body by muscular activity) and carbohydrates within the muscle. Hill was honored for his discovery relating to the production of heat in the muscle. Meyerhof also studied the effects of different chemicals on oxidation processes (chemical reactions in which a substance loses electrons).