Medals, decorations, and orders are honors that are awarded to people for bravery, merit, or service. These honors are generally given by, or in the name of, a monarch or head of state. People granted such honors receive a badge that may be worn or displayed. In most cases, the badges are suspended from a ribbon. The designs and colors of the ribbon usually symbolize the national colors of a country or such characteristics as virtue or bravery.
Medals are usually round and bear the likeness of a head of state or other symbol surrounded by an inscription. Most medals are made of gold, silver, or bronze. Medals generally hang from a ribbon. Medals are usually presented for participation in a campaign, long service, or good conduct. An example of a medal is the United States Navy Civil War campaign medal.
Decorations are usually in the shape of a cross or star, suspended from a ribbon. They are usually given in wartime for a single act of outstanding gallantry. In the military, decorations are generally more important than medals. The Victoria Cross of the United Kingdom is an example of a decoration.
Orders have a variety of shapes, but stars and crosses are used most frequently. The most common type of cross is the Maltese cross. Its four arms have V-shaped ends. Traditionally, orders have been exclusive societies with a limited membership determined by the head of state. In countries where orders exist, membership is generally considered the highest possible degree of honor. The United States and Switzerland are among the few countries that do not have orders. The British Order of the Garter is an example of an order.
