Map, a drawing or other graphic representation of all or part of the earth's surface. Maps are flat; in this respect they differ from globes, or spherical models of the earth. The art and science of mapmaking is called cartography. A collection of maps in book form is an atlas.
Maps show the earth's surface in reduced size, as though seen from a great height. Depending on the scope and purpose of the map, certain features may be shown in detail while others are represented by mere outlines or dots, or are omitted as unessential. A map may show features not physically present, such as political boundaries and scientific or historical data.
The simplest maps, called sketch maps, indicate only the approximate location of roads, landmarks, and the like. On more accurate maps every location is based on precise ground measurements and compass readings. In some cases, high-altitude aerial photographs are used to make maps.
Civilization advanced around the world in the footsteps of explorers who were also mapmakers. Maps are basic tools of the geographer, the geologist, and the demographer in the study of natural and human resources. The archeologist and historian examine old maps for clues to the past. Maps are essential in such scientific work as geophysical exploration, wild-game management, and weather forecasting.
The mapping of national boundaries is a vital concern of virtually all countries. The success of military operations often depends on accurate maps. Maps provide basic data for construction projects and for the legal description of real estate.
Maps are used as visual aids in school and appear frequently in newspapers and on television. Businesspeople use maps in designating sales territories and planning sales campaigns. Motorists use highway maps for trips to unfamiliar places.
