Mahler, Gustav (1860-1911), was a Bohemian-born composer of the romantic period. He completed nine symphonies and died before completing a 10th. He also composed numerous songs, many with orchestral accompaniment. Much of Mahler's music has a religious or philosophical basis. The early works often describe nature, and the later ones describe the struggles and triumphs of the soul. There is a note of sadness and resignation in many of his works. See Classical music.