Kandel, Eric Richard, kan DEHL, AY rihk RIHK art (1929-...), an Austrian-born American biologist, won the 2000 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine for his research on the function of brain cells in learning and memory. He shared the prize with two other scientists, Arvid Carlsson of Sweden and Paul Greengard of the United States. The three scientists were awarded the prize for their research on the chemical workings of the brain.