Johnson, Eliza McCardle (1810-1876), was the wife of Andrew Johnson, who served as president of the United States from 1865 to 1869. Both she and Andrew were teen-agers when they married. Eliza was much better educated than Andrew, and she taught him to write and solve simple problems in arithmetic. She also urged him to study. By the time her husband became president, she had been an invalid for many years. As a result, she was rarely able to host White House social events. Her daughter Martha Patterson usually served in her place.