Jemison, Mae Carol (1956-...), an American astronaut and physician, became the first black woman to travel in space. In September 1992, she made an eight-day flight on the spacecraft Endeavour. Aboard the spacecraft, Jemison conducted the first experiment that fertilized frog eggs in space. She also studied the loss of bone tissue experienced by people and other animals in orbiting spacecraft. Her research was aimed at determining how gravity affects the development of complex organisms.