International Telecommunication Union (ITU) establishes regulations on the international use of radio, satellite, telegraph, and telephone communication services. ITU is a specialized agency of the United Nations with about 190 members. It prepares technical and scientific studies designed to improve means of communication. It publishes a monthly Telecommunication Journal. ITU consists of an administrative council of 46 member nations, a secretariat, an International Frequency Registration Board, and two consultative committees. It usually holds a conference of all members every four years. ITU developed from the International Telegraph Union, established in 1865. The ITU has headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland.