European Space Agency (ESA) promotes the development of a cooperative space program among the nations of Western Europe. It was created in 1975 by merging the European Launch Development Association and the European Space and Research Organization (ESRO). ESRO had been formed in 1962. Members of the ESA are Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom.