Butler, R. A. (1902-1982), nicknamed Rab from his initials, was a British Conservative Party politician. As president of the Board of Education (1941-1945), he led the 1944 Education Act through Parliament. This act reorganized the education service and set the pattern of postwar education. In the Conservative governments of 1951-1964, Butler served as chancellor of the exchequer, the official who prepares the government's budget, from 1951 to 1955; lord privy seal, the keeper of one of the government's official seals, from 1955 to 1957; home secretary, the official in charge of internal affairs, from 1957 to 1962; and first secretary of state and deputy prime minister from 1962 to 1964. In 1965, he became a life peer and took the title Lord Butler of Saffron Walden.