Asylum, in international law, is shelter and protection that is given by a nation to a person who is fleeing another nation. The granting of asylum is guided by national laws and international laws and treaties. According to the United Nations, refugees may seek asylum if they fear persecution based on race, religion, nationality, or social or political beliefs. Asylum seekers are typically required to submit formal applications. Many countries are reluctant to accept refugees and apply strict standards to asylum applications.